Writing Bibliographic Citations in MLA Format

Below are examples for the most common situations.  For more detail, consult the MLA Style Manual, available in the library’s Reference collection at R 655.25 G437m.               1.  Bibliographic citations for books             2.  Bibliographic citations for articles in books (encyclopedias, collections of essays, etc.)             3.  Bibliographic citations for printed periodical articles (magazine, journal, and                         newspaper articles)             4.  Bibliographic citations for personal interviews             5.  Bibliographic citations for electronic sources (web pages, articles from online databases)             6.  Sample pages formatted in MLA style (title page, etc.)   Here is a web site with a nice overview of MLA style; try the links on the right side of the page.               Humanities: Documenting Sources   BIBLIOGRAPHIC CITATIONS FOR BOOKS   1.  Standard citation to a book   Baxter, John L.  The History of Puerto Rico .  New Haven , CT : Yale University Press, 1986.   2.  A book with an editor   Baxter, John L., ed.  The History of Puerto Rico .  New Haven , CT : Yale University Press, 1986.   3.  Two or three authors (or editors)   Baxter, John L., Peter Gwynne, and Lorraine McFee.  The History of Puerto Rico .             New Haven , CT : Yale University Press, 1986.   Baxter, John L., and Lorraine McFee, eds.  The History of Puerto Rico .             New Haven , CT : Yale University Press, 1986.   4.  More than three authors   Baxter, John L., et al.  The History of Puerto Rico .  New Haven , CT : Yale University Press, 1986.   5.  A particular edition of a book   Hooper, Wesley, and Karen Toliver.  Calculus and Analytic Geometry.  5th ed.  New York :             McGraw-Hill, 1978.   6.  A multi-volume set   Horecek, Leo, and Gerald Lefkoss.  Programmed Ear Training.  4 vols.  Boston : Harcourt, 1954.           BIBLIOGRAPHIC CITATIONS FOR ARTICLES IN BOOKS   1.  An article in a general encyclopedia (like Encyclopedia Britannica or Encyclopedia             Americana )   Dickinson, Charlotte .  "Norman Conquest."  The World Book Encyclopedia.  1985 ed.               If no author is given:   "Nemanya Dynasty."  Encyclopedia Americana .  1987 ed.     2.  An article in a subject encyclopedia or other alphabetized reference source   Tedeschi, J.D.  "Interpersonal Communication."  Encyclopedia of Psychology.  Ed. Raymond J. Corsini.             4 vols.  New York : John Wiley & Sons, 1984.   Taton, Rene.  "Liouville, Joseph."  Dictionary of Scientific Biography.  Ed. Charles Coulston Gillespie.             16 vols.  New York : Charles Scribner's Sons, 1973.               NOTE:  Full publication information (editor, number of volumes, city, publisher, year of publication) is needed for these, but not volume or page numbers, since the sources are already in alphabetical order.      3.  An article in an edited collection of essays   Carroll, Thomas F.  "The Land Reform Issue in Latin America ."  Latin American Politics: 24 Studies of             the Contemporary Scene.  Ed. Robert D. Tomasek.  Garden City, NY:  Anchor/Doubleday, 1966.             128-168.       BIBLIOGRAPHIC CITATIONS TO PERIODICAL ARTICLES  (from magazines, journals, & newspapers)     1.  An article in a weekly magazine   Jeffries, Janet.  "The Year in Television."  Newsweek 23 Dec. 1989: 21-23.               If the article is on pages 75, 76, 84, and 87, do this:   Taylor, Martin.  "A Rothko Retrospective."  New Yorker 6 May 1987: 75+.     2.  An article in a monthly magazine   Crickmer, Barry.  "Can We Control Spending?"  Nation's Business Apr. 1982: 22-24.       3.  An article in a journal with continuous pagination (continuing from issue to issue)   Brooks , Patricia .  "Human Rights and the Rights of Groups."  American Journal of Political Science             18 (1974): 725-41.     4.  An article in a journal without continuous pagination (each issue starting at page 1)   Mangan, Doreen.  "Henry Casselli: Superb Contradictions."  American Artist 38.2 (1974): 39-43.               Another method uses the month or season to locate the issue:   Mangan, Doreen.  "Henry Casselli: Superb Contradictions."  American Artist 38 (Feb. 1974): 39-43.     5.  A newspaper article   Sharn, Lori.  " Illinois Farmers Know the Times Are Bad."  Kansas City Star 12 Sept. 1988: 6A.               If no author is listed:   "Deadly Radon More Common Than Thought."  New York Times 13 Aug. 1989, natl. ed.: 2+.               NOTE:  The above example specifies a particular edition of the New York Times.       BIBLIOGRAPHIC CITATIONS FOR PERSONAL INTERVIEWS        Start with the name of the person interviewed.   Fife, Bernard.  Personal interview.  15 Mar. 2003.       BIBLIOGRAPHIC CITATIONS TO ELECTRONIC SOURCES  (web pages, articles from online databases, etc.)   Web Pages   Flight Deck Automation Issues.  Ed. Ken Funk.  Jun. 1999.  Oregon State University .  14 Jan. 2003             <http://flightdeck.ie.orst.edu/FDAI/issues.html>   The elements of the above citation are:               1.  Title of the web page             2.  Author/editor of the web page (if known)             3.  Date the web page was published or last revised (if known)             4.  Sponsor of the web page (if known)             5.  Date the web page was accessed             6.  The URL of the web page <in brackets>     For more examples on how to cite web pages, go to this web site:  http://www.mla.org               1.  Then click on MLA Style.             2.  Then click on Frequently Asked Questions About MLA Style.             3.  Then click on How do I document sources from the World Wide Web in my works-cited                      list?     Articles from EBSCOhost   Here is EBSCOhost’s explanation on how to cite their articles:  http://bll.epnet.com/help/ehost/Modern_Language_Association.htm     1.  Here’s a typical citation:   Siekman, Philip.  “GE Bets Big on Jet Engines.”  Fortune Vol. 146 Issue 13, 12/30/2002: 178B.             Available from Academic Search Elite [database online].  EBSCOhost.  Accessed             15 January 2003.  <http://search.epnet.com>.     2.  In the article’s citation on EBSCOhost, you can also find the “Persistent Link to this Article”.  It gives the most precise URL for the article in the database by including the AN (accession number) of the article.   Siekman, Philip.  “GE Bets Big on Jet Engines.”  Fortune Vol. 146 Issue 13, 12/30/2002: 178B.             Available from Academic Search Elite [database online].  EBSCOhost.  Accessed 15             January 2003.  <http://search.epnet.com/direct.asp?an=8703191&db=fth>.             SAMPLE PAGES FORMATTED IN MLA STYLE   1.  The left, right, and bottom margins should be 1 inch.   2.  The last name and page number (in the upper right corner) should be ½ inch from the top.   3.  The paper should be double-spaced.           FIRST PAGE OF A RESEARCH PAPER                                                         Shumway 1     Muffy Shumway   Professor Smart     English 325     25 January 2003   Fahren auf der Autobahn          In 1974, a German group called Kraftwerk released     Autobahn, an album that was very much ahead of its time.     Clocking in at over 22 minutes, the song “Autobahn”…       NEXT  & SUBSEQUENT PAGES                                                          Shumway 2          Afrika Bambaataa used the melody of Kraftwerk’s     “Trans Europe Express” in his 1982 hit, “Planet Rock”.     Kraftwerk’s musical influence has also been heard in…         . WORKS CITED PAGE                                                     Shumway 8   Works Cited     Cool, Joseph.  “Kraftwerk: Synthesizer Pioneers”.        Electronic Musician May 2007: 33-36.     Natasha, Boris.  The History of German Rock.        New York: Academic Press, 2005.