Writing Bibliographic Citations in APA Format

 

            Below are examples for the most common situations.   For more detail, consult the latest edition

(5th, 2001) of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, available in the

library’s Reference collection at R 808.06615 P976p.

 

            1.  Bibliographic citations for books

            2.  Bibliographic citations for articles in books

            3.  Bibliographic citations for periodical articles (journals, magazines, and newspapers)

            4.  Bibliographic citations for motion pictures

            5.  Bibliographic citations to electronic sources (web pages, articles from online databases)

            6.  Sample paper formatted in APA style (with title page, page numbering, etc.)

 

Also try these links for more information:

 

            Social Sciences: Documenting Sources (nice overview; explains in-text citation and has a sample paper)

 

            APA Style: Frequently Asked Questions

 

BIBLIOGRAPHIC CITATIONS FOR BOOKS

 

1.  Standard citation to a book

 

Brackbill, Y. (1967).  Behavior in infancy and early childhood.  New York: Free Press.

 

 

2.  A book with an editor

 

Brackbill, Y. (Ed.). (1967).  Behavior in infancy and early childhood.  New York: Free Press.

 

 

3.  Multiple authors -- up to and including six authors (or editors)

 

Gopnik, A., Meltzoff, A.N., & Kuhl, P.K.  (1999).  The scientist in the crib: Minds, brains,

             and how children learn.  New York: William Morrow.

 

Brackbill, Y. & Thompson, G.G. (Eds.). (1967).  Behavior in infancy and early childhood.  New York:

            Free Press.

 

 

4.  More than six authors

 

Brown, J., Clinton, G., Collins, B., Worrell, B., White, M., & Parker, M., et al.  (2004).  Giving up the

            funk: The theory and psychology of the groove.  Ann Arbor, MI: Parliament Press.

 

 

5.  A particular edition of a book

 

Tyler, L.E.  (1965).  The psychology of human differences.  (3rd ed.).  New York: Meredith Publishing.

 

 

6.  A multi-volume set

 

Kazdin, A.E. (Ed.).  (2000).  Encyclopedia of psychology (Vols. 1-8).  Washington, DC: American

            Psychological Association.

 

 

 

***************************************************************************

Bibliographic citations to books should use the following order, omitting unnecessary items:

 

            1.  Author(s) or editor(s)                                              4.  Edition

            2.  Year of publication                                                 5.  Number of volumes

            3.  Title of the book (in italics)                                     6.  Place and publisher

***************************************************************************

 

 

BIBLIOGRAPHIC CITATIONS FOR ARTICLES IN BOOKS

 

1.  An article in an encyclopedia

 

Coyne, J.C.  (2000).  Mood disorders.  In Encyclopedia of Psychology (Vol. 5, pp. 295-299).

            Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

 

            If no author is given:

 

Psychodrama.  (1997).   In Encyclopedia Americana (Vol. 22, p. 720).  Danbury, CT: Grolier.

 

 

2.  An article or chapter in an edited book

 

Stenberg, C.R. & Campos, J.J.  The development of anger expressions in infancy.  In N.L. Stein,

            B. Leventhal, & T. Trabasso (Eds.), Psychological and Biological Approaches to Emotion

            (pp. 247-282).  Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

 

 

BIBLIOGRAPHIC CITATIONS TO PERIODICAL ARTICLES

 (from journals, magazines, & newspapers)

 

 

1.  An article in a journal with continuous pagination (continuing from issue to issue)

 

Stice, Eric.  (2002).  Risk and maintenance factors for eating pathology: A meta-analytic review.

            Psychological Bulletin, 128, 825-848.

 

 

2.  An article in a journal without continuous pagination (each issue starting at page 1)

 

Heppner, P.P., Cooper, C., Mulholland, A., & Wei, M.  (2001).  A brief, multidimensional,

            problem-solving psychotherapy outcome measure.  Journal of Counseling Psychology,

            48(3), 30-44.

 

 

3.  An article in a weekly or monthly magazine

 

Kaptchuk, T., Eisenberg, D., & Komaroff, A.  (2002, December 2).   Pondering the placebo effect.

            Newsweek, 140(23), 71-72.

 

Benson, H.  (2001, May).  Mind-body pioneer.  Psychology Today, 34(3), 56-59.

 

 

4.  A newspaper article

 

Goode, E.  (2002, December 17).  The heavy cost of chronic stress.  New York Times, p. F1.

 

            If paging is discontinuous:

 

Goode, E.  (2002, December 17).  The heavy cost of chronic stress.  New York Times, pp. F1, F4.

 

            If no author is listed:

 

The heavy cost of chronic stress.  (2002, December 17).  New York Times, p. F1.

 

 

5.  Periodical published annually

 

Columbo, J.  (2001).  The development of visual attention in infancy.  Annual Review of Psychology,

            52, 337-367.

 

 

************************************************************************************

In bibliographic citations to periodical articles, use the following order:

 

            1.  Author(s)                                                                4.  Title of the periodical (in italics)

            2.  Date of the periodical                                             5.  Volume (& issue number, if needed)

            3.  Title of the article                                                           and page numbers

************************************************************************************

 

 

BIBLIOGRAPHIC CITATIONS TO MOTION PICTURES

 

1.  Motion picture

 

Scorcese, M. (Producer) & Lonergran, K. (Writer/Director). (2000).  You can count on me [motion picture].

            United States: Paramount Pictures

 

2.  Motion picture of limited circulation

 

Harrison, J.  (Producer) & Schmiechen, R. (Director).  (1992).  Changing our minds: The story of Evelyn

            Hooker [Motion picture].  (Available from Changing Our Minds, Inc., 170 West End Avenue, New

            York, NY 10023)

 

 

Tips on citing motion pictures:

 

            1.  The first part of the citation identifies the originator or primary contributors to the film (such as the director or

                     producer).  They are usually people, but could also be an organization.

 

            2.  The title of the motion picture should be in italics, followed by [motion picture].

 

            3.  After that, identify the motion picture’s country of origin and the studio that produced it.

 

            4.  If a motion picture is of limited circulation (as in example #2 above), provide the distributor’s name and complete

                      address in parentheses at the end of the reference.

 

 

 

BIBLIOGRAPHIC CITATIONS TO ELECTRONIC SOURCES

 (web pages, articles from online databases, etc.)

 

 

WEB PAGE

 

1.  Try to determine the author, date, and title of the web site as best you can.  Then identify the date

you retrieved the web site and its URL.

 

American Psychological Association.  (2002).  Ethical principles of psychologists and code of

conduct 2002.  Retrieved January 13, 2003 from http://www.apa.org/ethics/code2002.html

 

           

2.  If no author can be found, start with the title.  If a publication date cannot be determined, use n.d.

 

When fear holds sway: Panic disorder.  (n.d.)  Retrieved January 13,  2003

from http://www.nimh.nih.gov/publicat/fearandtrauma.cfm

 

 

 

ARTICLE IN AN INTERNET-ONLY JOURNAL (online journal, e-journal)

 

Yule, W.  (2002, September).  Alleviating the effects of war and displacement on children.

Traumatology 8(3). Retrieved January 13, 2003 from http://www.fsu.edu/%7Etrauma/v8/V8i3.htm.

 

 

ARTICLE FROM EBSCOhost

 

Here is EBSCOhost’s explanation on how to cite their articles:  http://bll.epnet.com/help/ehost/American_Psychological_Association.htm

 

 

1.  Here’s a typical citation:

 

Hyde, J.S. & Kling, K.  (2001).  Women, motivation, and achievement.  Psychology of Women Quarterly

            25(4), 364-378.  Retrieved January 13, 2003 from EBSCOhost database (Academic Search Elite)

on the World Wide Web: http://search.epnet.com.

 

 

2.  In the article’s citation on EBSCOhost, you can also find the “Persistent Link to this Article”.  It

gives the most precise URL for the article in the database by including the AN

(accession number) of the article.

 

Hyde, J.S. & Kling, K.  (2001, December).  Women, motivation, and achievement.

Psychology of Women Quarterly 25(4), 364-378.  Retrieved January 13, 2003

from EBSCOhost database (Academic Search Elite) on the World Wide Web:

http://search.epnet.com/direct.asp?an=5995480&db=afh.

 

 

 

SAMPLE PAPER FORMATTED IN APA STYLE

  (with title page, page numbering, etc.)

 

This is a pdf file; you’ll need to be at a computer with Acrobat Reader on it.

 

Here’s the link :  http://www.vanguard.edu/psychology/prayer.pdf

 

For a template in Microsoft Word, go here:   http://www.vanguard.edu/emplibrary/files/psychapa.doc

 

For more detailed information, go here:   http://www.vanguard.edu/faculty/ddegelman/index.aspx?doc_id=796